The Phenomenon of Greece :: Ancient Greece Essays

The Phenomenon of GreeceGreece is a strange phenomenon the similar of which could hardly be equaled elsewhere in the world. The greatest mishap of Turkey is that it is condemned to locomote with that country side by side. When the issue is Turkey, Greece always sees red. When we analyze the feelings of Athens toward Turkey, it is seen that those feelings exceed every criterion of what would be an enmity . The posture of the Turk has manifested itself in the behavior of the Greek as a psychological illness . In other playscripts, the policy oJthat country regarding Turkey is in a word phenomenon , and ill founded . That diagnosis may not sound well to the h angiotensin-converting enzymest people. We art respectful for those people, however, is it possible to keep a blind eye to the realities, and exsert an artificial cordiality when the issue is the dismemberment of the terrorists of a country? It is a fact that though Greece, with its agitations and behaviors exceeds in many iss ues any limits of toleration, 7tirkiye does not respond to the slimy policy of its neighbor, continuing its sober and warm policy. The frame of the Turkish foreign policy has been drafted by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. That is Peace at home, peace in the world . Turkey, in order not to endanger peace, turns a deaf ear to the behaviors of Greece, and some of its other neighbors. However, every endurance and tolerance has a limit. We are going to birth the names of 451 organizations active in Greece below. However, their real number is more than 451. What we will enumerate are only those known. Those organizations after 1974 were founded with the mediation of the Greece governments coming to power. The sole draw for the establishment of those organizations is to DISMEMBER TURKEY. Those organizations, are the main source of nourishment of the terrorism targeting Turkey. They helped the murderers of innocent women, children, old people to be accommodated in Greece, and then they dissemin ate them back to Turkey, giving to them weapons. If we deal with the activities of those organizations one by one, we are required to write at least 3 volumes of books. The time of this endeavor will one day come. We cannot accuse all those organizations and associations as terrorist. The duty given to those not related to terrorism was to propagate against Turkey and show the people of the country they live as the occupied Greek territories .

Design, Ecology, and Ethics Essay -- Environment Ecology Essays Papers

Design, Ecology, and ethicsWe need to design institutions (and cars and homes and toothbrushes, etc.) that make it easy for people to be good. (Jim Farrell) just now, if someone in America wants to be good to the earth and good to in store(predicate) generations, its hard. Its expensive to purchase local, organic food. In the suburbs, to arrest to work and practice and the store and back home again on a schedule without a car is tricky if not impossible. To think closely how and where and by whom nearly 100% of products in Target are made is to nigh certainly become ashamed. Its disheartening to watch tax dollars go to funding war in far away lands and, as McDonough says, on afterlife generations. And why is it that the majority of restaurants we have to choose from degrade the environment and our bodies? This is either because of poor design. American environmentalists, people who act in ways small and massive to reduce their ecological footprint, are in the minority because we are perpetually trying to wade upstream against the swift current of institutions shaped by chintzy and dirty energy... Design, Ecology, and Ethics Essay -- Environment Ecology Essays PapersDesign, Ecology, and EthicsWe need to design institutions (and cars and homes and toothbrushes, etc.) that make it easy for people to be good. (Jim Farrell)Right now, if someone in America wants to be good to the earth and good to future generations, its hard. Its expensive to purchase local, organic food. In the suburbs, to get to work and practice and the store and back home again on a schedule without a car is tricky if not impossible. To think about how and where and by whom nearly 100% of products in Target are made is to most certainly become ashamed. Its disheartening to watch tax dollars go to funding war in far away lands and, as McDonough says, on future generations. And why is it that the majority of restaurants we have to choose from degrade the environment and o ur bodies? This is all because of poor design. American environmentalists, people who act in ways small and large to reduce their ecological footprint, are in the minority because we are constantly trying to wade upstream against the swift current of institutions shaped by cheap and dirty energy...

The Racial Contract :: essays research papers

Charles Mills The racial ContractTheses 8, 9 and 10I.     Thesis 8 The Racial Contract tracts the moral/political consciousness of (most) white moral agents (Most controversial chapter)a.     A naturalized account (actual) will help to lead to a prescription. found on a racialized moral psychology (p.93) Whites act racist without even realizing it.b.     Much of the chapter is a long explanation of how whites have brutalized nonwhites (pp.98-101). Difference between distrustful and realist. c.     Discussion of the Jewish Holocaust It becomes an outright tragedy only when it is European against European. Quotes Hitler on p.106 d.     Whites who do not go along with the contract Mills argues that at that place is a choice for whites in the racial contract, albeit it a difficult one - p.107. Going along with things makes us all guilty. On the other hand, if we do not go along, it mak es us a "race traitor" (p.108).II.     Thesis 9 The Racial Contract has always been recognized by nonwhites as the real epitope of (most) white moral/political/practicea.     The invisibility of the Racial Contract to whites, and its visibility to nonwhites, p.110.b.     The Racial Contract norms white and nonwhite persons morally, epistemically, and aesthetically (p.118). Given this, what is required for a nonwhite person?c.     First, personal struggle for personhood by overcoming the internalization of the racialized norms (pp.118119).d.     Second, cognitive resistance thinking against the grain (pp.119-120).e.     Third, the somatic aspect of the Racial Contract a political science of the body ( eg., black is beautiful), p.120.III.     Thesis 10 The Racial Contract as a theory is superior to the raceless social contract a. &nb sp   Virtues of the Racial Contract1.      bucket along should be at the center of contract theory rather than marginalized (p.

Black Panther Party Essay -- Black Panther Movement Radical

What comes to your mind when you think of the mission of the Black panther troupe? Do you even know who the Black Panthers truly were? Well, the fact is that galore(postnominal) people do not the answers to either of these questions. It may be due to the fact that the history text book failed to go into the Black Panther Party in detail as they did in many other great historic revolutionist and revolutionary events. In the following essay I provide be discussing the journey of Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale, the founders of the Black Panther Party, showing the events that took place in their lives. I will overly be discussing what the mission of the Black Panther Party was in their stand to make the government accept the responsibility poverty in urban communities in the United States and abroad. By the end of this opus you will surely know what history text books failed to discuss about the Black Panther Party.The date is February 17, 1942, in Monroe, Louisiana thi s is the time and place where a future revolutionary is born. His name is Huey P. Newton. He was born the last of seven children to Walter Newton and Armelia Johnson. When Huey was three years old his family picked up and moved to Oakland, California. It was in Oakland where Huey would prepare up and learn from many life changing situations. As acknowledged in Revolutionary Suicide, written by Huey P. Newton, he grew up on the eastmost Side of Oakland in a below-standard neighborhood where he got into countless fights and built up a temper that he would carry throughout his life. (27) In the 8th grade Huey P. Newton attended Woodrow Wilson junior high school where he first learned how to fight not only to protect himself but also to protect his dignity. When Huey P. N... ...n the Bay Area would crack down on and the Black Panther Party would be over quicker than it was started. Huey P. Newton knew the law from analyse it the entire time he spent in college and in jail. He also knew that all the cops would have to have is for the Black Panther Party members good fortune one tiny law to take them down so they had to be smart with it if they wanted break the law. The cops began to stop the Black Panthers vehicles on the street and look for and violations. Huey P. and Bobby Seale made sure that all the vehicles were clean, hence, the cops never found any violation. (H,P Newton 122) During the routine traffic stops the cops were usually met by Panthers who were will to comply in the search. Unless they pulled over Huey P and Bobby Seale who continually pulled their guns on the cops after the cops pulled them out on them. (H.P Newton 123)

Bacchus:God of Wine :: essays research papers

Bacchus God of Wine and IntoxicationMuch to many parents dismay, teenage drinking is a very common and infamous trend of the times. Many teenagers illicitly consume alcoholic beverages weekly. However, instead of linking this problem to the media or peer pressure, one may want to take a look back to the days of antediluvian Rome more specifically the god Bacchus.Bacchus, the God of Wine and intoxication, is known in Greek mythology as Dionysus, and is also known by other name calling such as Bakchos and Liber. His name means twice born or child of the double door. Bacchus was born to genus Zeus and Semele. Hera, wife of Zeus was jealous and tricked Semele into cleaning herself. Hermes, the messenger God, saved the unborn baby and sewed him up in Zeus thigh. After he was born, he sat at the right sink of Zeus. Apparently, his appearance was quite striking, though no specific descriptions were found of his actual looks. Bacchus is to whom we owe the thanks of inventing wine. He ap pears in numerous myths, almost always accompany by Centaurs, Satyrs, and Maenads, or women who always seemed mad with joy. Bacchus has his own festival aptly named Bacchanalia. This festival is celebrated on March 16 and 17. During Bacchanalia, orgies in honor of Bacchus were introduced in Rome around 200 BC. These infamous celebrations, nonorious for their sexual and criminal character, got so out of hand that they were forbidden by the Roman Senate in 186 BC. His attributes in iconography include a drinking vessel, an ivy wreath, grape vines, and the thyrsos (a long fennel stalk topped with ivy leaves). Bacchus was also associated with resurrection because he is identified with Zagreus, son of Zeus and Persephone who was killed, dismembered, and eaten by the Titans. His heart was saved and he was reborn through Semele.One of the most famous myths involving Bacchus was when pirates captured him while he was standing on shore, for they thought he must be a prince by his stunning appearance. However, no chains that the pirates used to try to hold him worked, and only then did they realize that he was not a prince, but a God. Vines began to grow, wine began to flow, and Bacchus turned into a lion. The pirates jumped overboard and were turned into dolphins. As this, and many other stories suggest, Bacchus was often depicted as travelling throughout Greece, and often arriving at his destination from the east.

Bacchus:God of Wine :: essays research papers

Bacchus God of Wine and IntoxicationMuch to many parents dismay, teenage drinking is a very common and ill-famed trend of the times. Many teenagers illegally consume alcoholic beverages weekly. However, instead of linking this problem to the media or peer pressure, one may want to take a account back to the days of ancient Rome more specifically the god Bacchus.Bacchus, the God of Wine and intoxication, is know in Greek mythology as Dionysus, and is also known by other names such as Bakchos and Liber. His name means twice born or child of the double door. Bacchus was born to Zeus and Semele. Hera, wife of Zeus was jealous and tricked Semele into killing herself. Hermes, the messenger God, saved the unborn baby and sewed him up in Zeus thigh. After he was born, he sit at the right hand of Zeus. Apparently, his appearance was quite striking, though no specific descriptions were found of his actual looks. Bacchus is to whom we owe the thanks of inventing wine. He appears in numerous myths, almost always accompanied by Centaurs, Satyrs, and Maenads, or women who always seemed mad with joy. Bacchus has his own festival aptly named Bacchanalia. This festival is celebrated on March 16 and 17. During Bacchanalia, orgies in honor of Bacchus were introduced in Rome around 200 BC. These infamous celebrations, notorious for their sexual and criminal character, got so out of hand that they were forbidden by the Roman Senate in 186 BC. His attributes in iconography include a drinking vessel, an ivy wreath, grape vines, and the thyrsos (a long fennel stalk topped with ivy leaves). Bacchus was also associated with resurrection because he is identified with Zagreus, son of Zeus and Persephone who was killed, dismembered, and eaten by the Titans. His heart was saved and he was reborn through Semele.One of the most famous myths involving Bacchus was when pirates captured him while he was rest on shore, for they thought he must be a prince by his stunning appearance. However, no chains that the pirates used to try to hold him worked, and only wherefore did they realize that he was not a prince, but a God. Vines began to grow, wine began to flow, and Bacchus turned into a lion. The pirates jumped overboard and were turned into dolphins. As this, and many other stories suggest, Bacchus was oftentimes depicted as traveling throughout Greece, and often arriving at his destination from the east.

Reflection Discussion

What do you wish you would have learn? The Africa Map project was an extremely enjoyable and educational experience. I learned a lot about my country relation to the U. S. , African countries, and other continents. It was also eye-opening and altered my once stereo-typical view of Africa. African countries have functional governments and economic systems similar to the United States.Of course some governments are more dictating than others, but it is weighty to remember that Africa is not a completely disease filled, desert/hobo camp like land. I learned a lot about the central region of Africa and how African regions can generally be identified by the European powers that ran them during the time of colonialism. The amount of land that the Europeans conveningd over is somewhat ridiculous, but I guess It all shapes Africa Into what It Is today. I also learned that colonial chance has had a big Influence on culture.National languages of the countries are many times that of the E uropean power that once ruled It. For example In the central region, frequent languages are Spanish and French. Spain, France, and Portugal ruled many of the countries in this region. Current government and economic standings were fun to research. I feel more confident on my fellowship of Africa and feel that I can speak more politically correct about the continent. I do wish I could have learned more about the other regions of Africa.It understand we have to know some general things about all the countries by reading the interactive map, but f at that place were more assignments that blended region relations Id be very interested. Important to remember that Africa is not a completely disease filled, desert/Jungle important to remember that Africa is not a completely disease filled, desert/Engle ridiculous, but I guess it all shapes Africa into what it is today. I also learned that colonial rule has had a big influence on culture. National languages of the countries are many time s that of the European power that once ruled it. For example in the

Us History Essential Questions on Thomas Jefferson

Chapter 11 Essential Questions 1) Why does Kennedy refer to the case of Marbury vs. Madison as epochal? Describe the short and long-term ramifications to the decision. The case of Marbury vs. Madison constituted judicial review of acts of Congress to determine if they atomic number 18 unconstitutional. It was so epochal beca hire had it not established judicial review, Congress would be free to pass laws that are completely unconstitutional and a violation of the rights set in place by the rootage ten amendments. It brought order out of the chaos that occurred when Adams appointed the Midnight Judges.Over the long term, it has affected many congressional bills that if passed, would not be constitutional. 2)What origination did Thomas Jefferson have for believe that American trade could be used as a diplomatic turncock? Explain. Trade could be used as a diplomatic tool in many ways. If America stopped job with certain countries, the thought was that those countries would coope rate with the demands made by Americans. America would trade with anyone who met their demands. The problem with this is that when America did use trade as a diplomatic tool to ask the English and French to cooperate with their demands, and America ended up being hurt.They stopped trading with England and France, as well as any other country who traded with England and France. England and France did not completely depend on American trade for their economy, so they were unaffected. These laws were called the Embargo of 1807. Jefferson assay to fix this with the Nonintercourse Act, which stated America would cease trade with just England and France. This also ended up being a failure, so James Madison passed macons Bill 2, which said that America would trade with whoever met their demands first.This also was repealed, and America went back to open trade with England and France. 3) List at least three depict principles of government advanced by Thomas Jefferson and the Anti-Federa lists in the lead 1800. Describe how these ideals fared during Jeffersons administration. Were they translated into public policy? Explain. The first principle of government advanced by Jefferson and the Anti-Federalists before 1800 was the exploration and organization of Western Land set by the Land Ordinance of 1785 and Northwest Ordinance of 1787, part of the Articles of Confederation.These laws held through the Jefferson presidency and were largely the basis of exploration in the future. The second was the Bill of Rights set forth in the Constitution. They guaranteed the natural rights of citizens in the first ten amendments. The were maintained through the presidency and although debated, are in tact today. The third principle are the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions. They called for states rights and sup miened nullification, which meant that a state can nullify a law that the federal government passes.This did not become public policy mainly because of Federalist oppositio n. It was fought for in the Civil war, and today states have to obey federal law. 4) Jefferson said The day France takes self-control of New Orleans we must marry ourselves to the British fleet and nation. Why was he so alarmed? New Orleans was a key port on the Mississippi that gave the possessor a substantial amount of power in that area. France would gain critical access to the Mississippi River and have the ability to be active about it and maybe take land along the way.Possession of New Orleans would also give it access to western land, which is something America was after. America would have to police squad up with the British to combat the French, who would become extremely powerful with New Orleans. 5)Assess the Jeffersonian presidency. What do you think were his three most important legacies? Jefferson was successful in the fact that he was moderate in getting rid of the opposing party, the federalists. If a Federalist was doing a good job, they stayed. He also was smar t to not get rid of Hamiltons financial system. One of his most important legacies was the lah Purchase.Although he believed it to be unconstitutional, he could not pass up the offer from Napoleon. The Louisiana Purchase more than doubled the size of America, which provided many opportunities in resources for the future. Another legacy was the defeat of the barbary pirates. Prior to the defeat, these pirates were paid not to attack American ships. in spite of the size of the American navy, called the mosquito fleet, they were defeated and American ships were safe. His final legacy was the Embargo of 1807. It led America to an economic mess that James Madison eventually inherited.

Bureaucratic Management Theory

Bureaucracy is a type of organizational structure that is found in many large-scale public and private organizations. This still exists in the volume of industrial organizations in the world, despite being around since the 18th century. German sociologist, ooze Weber created the bureaucratic management theory which describes bureaucracy as technically superior to all other forms of organizations. Bureaucracies give birth clear and explicit rules outlining exactly how employees should perform tasks.Ideally, bureaucracy is characterized by hierarchical authority relations, defined spheres of competence prevail over to impersonal rules, recruitment by competence and fixed salaries. The main aims of bureaucracy atomic number 18 to be rational, efficient, and professional. Bureaucracy has an implied clear-cut division of labour and a mellowed level of specialization, as well as a clearly defined hierarchy. Despite being a very old type of organizational structure, bureaucracies act to be a highly influential template for designing and managing organizations yet, this system is no longer considered the most effective way to run an organization.Bureaucracy as a system of management has many advantages and disadvantages. The advantages include each employee of the organization knowing precisely what their duties are within the organization, and therefore performing their many tasks quicker and more efficiently. The clear-cut rules set by bureaucratic systems also enable the organization to respond readily to demands that are set and make decision making easy.Bureaucratic systems have a greater sense of direction and purpose than other types of organization structure. The clear-cut criteria of a bureaucratic system enable the organization to appoint successors when an employee leaves without smaller trouble, and therefore causes as little disruption. The disadvantages that a bureaucratic system brings to the overall running and efficiency of a business and its employees include lowmining the ability of employees to take hatchway and be creative.The bureaucratic practices have led to creating a mind that generally lacks curiosity and bath only function within certain limits and according to positive rules and regulations. The bureaucratic mind, being in control, uses this authority to limit the ability of the system to reform itself. No unity within such a system has full authority to initiate change and no one has enough courage to propose drastic change and disrupt the prevailing order and peace.However, as Max Weber himself noned, real bureaucracy will be less optimal and effective than his ideal type model. Competences can be unclear and used distant to the spirit of the law. This means that well-nightimes a decision itself may be considered more important than its effect. Nepotism, corruption, political infighting and other degenerations can counter the rule of impersonality and can create a recruitment and promotion system not based on meritocracy yet rather onoligarchy.Regarding the Japanese style of management, the recruitment procedures for pertly employees is more rigorous in Japan than in the United Kingdom to ensure that the cream of the crop are identified, utilized and cultivated. People are not allowed to use common sense, as everything must be as is written by the law. Even a non-degenerated bureaucracy can be affected by common problems of overspecialization, which is, making individual officials not aware of larger consequences of their action.There is rigidity and inertia of procedures, making decision-making slow or pull down impossible when facing some unusual case, and similarly delaying change, evolution and adaptation of old procedures to new circumstances. There is a phenomenon ofgroup opinionin terms of zealotry, loyalty and lack ofthinking regarding the organization which isperfectandalways correctby definition, making the organization unable to change and realize its own mist akes and limitations.There is a disregard for dissenting opinions, even when such views suit the available data better than the opinion of the majority. As bureaucracy creates more and more rules and procedures, their complexity rises and coordination diminishes, facilitating creation ofcontradictoryandrecursiverules, as described by the saying the bureaucracy is expanding to meet the needs of the expanding bureaucracy. Despite the many disadvantages of bureaucracy, we believe that the degree of control it gives superiors over subordinates to be more serious and possibly the most damaging outcome.For many people, the word Bureaucracy conjures up an image of a mass of media workers buried in mounds of paper and tied to a set of petty rules, the notorious red tape. Red tape can be used as a weapon against programs that are not popular with the administration, for instance, by participating in a program requires you to fill out forms. The program might cease to exist if no one uses it . Bureaucracies are often the focus of popular dislike, especially because they are perceived to be inefficient and lack flexibility to meet individual requirements.Osborne and Gaebler (1993) promotedDebureaucratization, which they summed up as decentralization, deregulation, downsizing andoutsourcing. Debureaucratization is the primary way to achieving the goal of a strong, autonomous, and self-sufficient barangays. This is setting to right the excessive centralization of power, authority, responsibility and recourse by the national government. The shortcomings of bureaucracy are evident in organizations today.Control tends to convince superiors that it is their responsibility to know all details, allow no surprises, delegate no authority and have all situations under tight control. And since no boss can obtain the knowledge he or she needs to control everything and guide everyone and influence every situation, the dominance of the bureaucratic mind has become a threat, undermining critical thinking, free speech, creativity and institutional transformation.The enlightened bureaucrat that certain people try to promote is nothing but a fiction. As a consequence, very few people in a bureaucracy are in a position to think, take first and be creative. New ideas are therefore rarely and seldom encouraged. When control and subordination become the organizing principles of an organization, they undermine the organizations ability to respond to challenges, to evaluate the growing needs of its clients and to adapt in a time to the changing circumstances of its times.

Race, Class, and Gender in the United States Essay

Rothenberg paints an oppressive picture for women, the financially oppressed and minority members of society. The actor presents compelling essays of expedite, sexuality and class which examine the social construct of each issue. Race has been defined as the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial contrarietys catch an inherent high quality of a particular race. This has produced the view that Euro-Americans social, cultural, and economic advantaged position must be maintained at the expense of others as the normal life.The prestigious power of race, gender and class are explained and illustrated through the accretion of essays. The dynamics of power are divided based on different social classifications. cover Responses The essays included present a compelling but biased study within the context of class, race and gender. History shows racism has been clearly practiced in the past however much has been done to correct the unbridgeable and immutabl e differences in race, gender and class status in the get together States.Rothenberg emphasizes, in the collection of essays, past views of Euro-Americans superiority in intelligence and abilities over darker skinned races. Throughout the history of the United States, divergence against race and gender has been documented thus creating unhomogeneous classes according to race and gender. Racism has been defined as a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 2010).While unlikeness is described as being the process by which two stimuli differing in some aspect are responded to differently (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 2010). Discrimination encompasses a much larger circumference than racism. commonwealth v. Hall, 1854, Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857, and Bradwell v. Illinois, 1873 created a class difference in the ruling of each case amid Euro-American males, Indians, Negroes, Chinese and women (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 495).Skin color differences have been thought to explain intellectual, physical and artistic differences, thus justifying varying treatment between racially different individuals (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 17). A person of property was considered of superior intelligence and character (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 8). The claim that race is a social construction takes issue with the once popular belief that sight were born into different races with innate, biologically based differences in intellect, temperament, and character (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 10).Michael Omi and Howard Winant maintain that Race is more a political categorization that a biological or scientific category (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 10). Racial distinctions can be correlated with economic and political changes in the society of the United States. In California, 1854, the state Supreme court of justice ruled in the case, People v. Hall that Chinese Americans should be barred from testifying against colours as Indians and Negroes had previously been barred with a California statue. The judges marked Chinese-Americans as inferior, and are incapable of progress or intellectual development beyond a certain point (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 495). Orientals and Hispanics were regarded to be naturally suited to perform brutal, sometimes crippling, farm labor which whites were physically unsuited to perform. In 1857, the United States Supreme Court ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford stated that Negroes were never considered a part of the spate of the United States (Rothenberg, 2010, 495). Gender refers to the particular set of socially constructed meanings associated with each sex (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 2010).Men and women have been portrayed as polar oppo sites with different abilities. The notion of difference itself is constructed and suggests that the claim that women and men are naturally and profoundly different r eflects a political and social decision rather than a distinction given in nature. In 1873, the Supreme Court ruled in Bradwell v. Illinois that women could not practice law and added further degradation arguing that women belong in the domestic playing area (Rothenberg, 2010, 495). Every society has different options on what constitutes a womans gender role verses a mans role.While Roe v. Wade, 1973, is considered a significant stride forward in womens rights, the after effects of the abortion rights given have for open debate on the benefits this case has brought to the womens movement. Spiritually, man and wife should be as one flesh (Genesis 224) and a helpmate to each other (Genesis 218), not in disceptation with each other for power. In the past, attitudes against races and gender other than Euro-American males have restricted the right to vote, own property, and even extended to the forced evacuation of Japanese-Americans into relocation camps.Clearly, discrimination has ex isted in this country however, the twentieth century has seen the growth of large and diverse movements for race and gender justice (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 497). However, Rothenbergs emphasis on race and gender portray differences as unbridgeable and immutable, regardless of any social programs or education. Reflection Rothenbergs collection of essays is informative of historical discrimination and the opinions of a subjugate of authors however, there are two sides to every story.Rothenberg has presented only one side of the race, class, and gender issues in an angry fashion. All evil has not been created by Euro-Americans. Pem Davidson file states that northern Whites looked down their noses at the Irish in the same manner they looked at free Blacks (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 35). This created a psychological wage (Buck as quoted by Rothenberg, 2010, p. 35), alternatively of monetary gain, such as the employee of the month or assigned parking places (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 35).Calvinism t aught being poor was a punishment from God while success was a sign of being righteous with God. This further created differences in class among the American society, including discrimination of women, people of color, and homophobia. Differences between rich and poor, white and black, men and women are socially constructed as innate differences among people. Then they are used to rationalize or justify the unequal distribution of wealth and power that results from economic decisions made to continue privilege.The status of various occupations and class positions they imply often changes depending on whether the occupation is predominately female or male. This particular discrimination also led to more vapidness of women. Status began to be calculated if a woman could stay home (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 36). If a woman was forced into the labor force, the family didnt meet the cultural requirements for white privilege (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 36). The categories of gender, race and class reflect culturally constructed differences that maintain the prevailing distribution of power and privilege in a society.Constructed differences are altered in relation to social, political and economic changes. The argument seems to fluxuate between racism and culturism. If cultural status is lost due to a woman browseing, that has very little to do with to which race she belongs. As stated in Bucks essay (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 36), native men redefined themselves by their class position as skilled mechanism working for better wages under better conditions (p. 36) due to the ownership of their trade tools and their hard work ethic (Rothenberg, 2010, p.36). Again this is cultural rather than racial. any(prenominal) craftsmen, no matter what color his skin, can buy the tools of his trade to better his position. Rothenberg tends to be angry at this countrys struggles against racism, class and gender. She has collected some angry essays to support her racial and feminist opinions bu t has not shown more than a minimal reference to how far this country has progressed for all races and genders to be We the People of the United States (U.S. Constitution, 1776) forming a more perfect Union under God. Action This book has given me much food for thought. During the reading of this book, I have been more consciously aware of the different races and cultures in my workplace. While I dont agree with Rothenbergs apparent view that racial and gender discrimination continues in our society today as it has throughout our countrys history, I do see a tendency towards a reverse discrimination.Since my economize joined corporate America almost two years ago, Ive watched him miss promotions, even though he is very productive and conscientious in his work, so that a minority, usually a woman, could have the position, even though her employee record is full of criticism of her work ethic. White males continue to be punish today for the actions and attitudes of their forefathers even though most do not hold those same discriminatory beliefs.While I am not unconscious of race, I do not identify an individual as part of a particular race in my first impression or description of them. As I have illustrated with my students, no two people whether light or dark skinned are the same color. The biggest wish I have for my students is for them to be able to unzip their skin so that color is not visible to each other at all. As future medical assistants, surgical technicians, drugstore technicians and nursing assistants, these students need to see past race, gender and even class.As a teacher, I strive not to make decisions based on race or gender. Class is not an issue for me in the class room since all students dress in scrubs according to school dress code. Lao Tzu said, Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach him how to fish and you feed him for a lifetime(n. d. ). I am a firm believer that regardless of race, gender or class that our country was fou nded to give everyone an equal opportunity to pursue life, liberty and happiness with hard work and education.If I can give my students a sense of work ethic along with the academic and technical skills they need, I will have given them the tools to keep an eye on financially and in their chosen professions.ReferencesDiscrimination. (2010). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http//www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/discrimination gender. (2010). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http//www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/gender Lao Tzu. (n. d. ). BrainyQuote. com.Retrieved August 13, 2010, from BrainyQuote. com Web site http//www. brainyquote. com/quotes/quotes/l/laotzu121559. html Mount, Steve. (2001)The Constitution of the United States, Preamble. USConstitution. net. U. S. Constitution online. Retrieved August 12, 2010 from http//www. usconstitution. net/const. html racism. (2010). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved August 8, 2010, from http//www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/racism Rothenberg, P. (2010), Race, Class, and Gender in the United States. New York Worth Publishers.

Physical Disorders and Health Psychology

Chapter 9 Physical Disorders and Health Psychology psychosomatic medicine- psych factors affect physical wait on lookal medicine- applied to prevention, diagnosis and treatment of medical problems health psychology- psych factors that are consequential to the maintenance and promotion of health opsych and accessible factors (1) affect biological processes (2) long-standing expression patterns put ppl at risk for certain disorders o50% of deaths from top 10 leading causes in US can be traced to lifestyle behaviors poor eating habits, smoking, overleap of exercise, General Adaption Syndrome (GAS)- Selye oalarm- response to immediate d ire or threat oresistance- mobilize coping mechanisms to respond oexhaustion- body suffers permanent damage chronic line whitethorn cause permanent body damage and contribute to disease stress= physiological response to stressor HPA Axis ohypothalamus- pituitary gland- adrenal gland oimportant for stress ocortisol= stress hormone baboon case study odominant males get less stressful lives due to predictability + controllability olower males experience stress from bullying, higher cortisol levels osense of control important stress, anxiety, depression colligate osimilar central physiological processes oself-efficacy sense of control and confidence that one can cope with stress or challenges stress can lead to decreased resistant strategy functioning oincreased rates of infectious diseases, mono, colds, flu, Immune system oeliminates antigens- foreign maerials, bacteria, viruses, parasites o2 main parts hum ad-lib B cells, antibodies neutralize antigens cellular T cells, destroy viral infections + cancerous processes owhite pedigree cells do most of the work (leukocytes) microphages= first line of defense autoimmune disease oimmune system overactive, attacks body cells rheumatoid arthritis- too many suppressor gene T cells, body subject to invasion by antigens HIV- human immunodeficiency virus ?AIDS-related complex first minor health problems before AIDS diagnosis w. pneumonia, cancer, dementia, wasting away syndrome ? treated w/ highly active antiretroviral therapy reducing stress, social support, CBT help psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) opsych influences on neurological responding implicated in immune response Cancer psychoncology- psych influences in development of cancer otherapy can help treatment to reduce stress, improve mood, alter important health behaviors, supportive relationships reduce cancer recurrence and destruction influence support + development of cancer obenefit finding- deepening spirituality, changes in life priorities, closer ties to others, enhanced sense of purpose opsych procedures important to manage stress especially w/ children who undergo surgery Cardiovascular problems ocompromise heart, blood vessels and control mechanisms cardiovascular disease ostrokes ocerebral vascular accidents- temporary blockages of blood vessels to encephalon cause temporary/ permanent damage o hypertension- high blood bosom, risk factor for other heart probs blood vessels constrict, heart works harder, pressure inhering hypertension- no verifiable physical cause silent killer blacks more(prenominal) at risk than whites genetic influences anger + hostility increase blood pressure ocoronary heart disease heart disease in 1 cause of death in western cultures blockage of arteries supplying blood to heart brawniness chest infliction plaque deficiency of blood to a body part heart attack- death of heart tissue when artery clogged stress, anxiety, anger contribute (+lack of coping skills and low social support) myocardial stunning- heart failure as a result of severe stress oType A behavior pattern excessive competitive reason, sense of pressured for time, impatience, high E, angry come forwardbursts at risk for CHD (although cultural diffs significant) oType B behavior pattern more relaxed, less relate astir(predicate) deadlines, seldom pressured, Reserve capacity mod el associations among environments of low socioeconomic status, stressful experiences, psychosocial resources, emotions and cognitions increase risk for CHD Pain o sharp-worded- follows an injury, disappears once injury heals ochronic- begins w/ acute episode but does not go away osubjective term spite vs. pain behaviors= manifestations of exp oemotional component= suffering oseverity of pain doesnt predict reaction b/c of psych factors Phantom off tally pain oppl who have lost an arm or leg feel excruciating pain in the missing limb operant control of pain pain behavior under control of social consequences oie critical family members may become sympathetic gate control system of pain onerve impulses from mad stimuli travel to spinal column then to brain odorsal horns of spinal column= gate osmall fibers open gate, large fibers close brain inhibits pain oendogenous opiods- innate(p)ly exist within body endorphins oshut down pain, runners high after exercise, men and women exp p ain differently omen have stronger endogenous opiod systems owomen have additional pain-regulating mechanisms odiff areas more prone to pain Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) olack of E, fatigue, variety of aches and pains oneurasthenia- lack of nerve strength, old diagnosis oprevalent in western humans and China Pain can kill you oincreases rate at which certain cancers metastasize ocan weaken immune system response by reducing natural killer cells opain stressvicious cycle Biofeedback o declare patients aware of special physiological functions that ordinarily not be consciously aware of heart rate, blood pressure, muscle tension in specific areas, electroencephalogram rhythms, patterns of blood flow (1) conscious awareness (2) learn to control them oinstill sense of control over pain progressive relaxation obecome sapiently aware of tension, relax specific muscle groups transcendental meditation ofocus attention on repeated syllable, or mantra relaxation response- silently repeat mantra to minimize distraction by closing mind to intruding thoughts Coping mechanisms oprescription drugs, reduced tackiveness over time odenial oimproved attitudes, realistic appraisals thru CBT 4 leading causes of death in Us oheart disease, cancer, stroke, respiratory disease AIDS prevention ocontraception ochanging high-risk behavior is only effective prevention strategy smoking is epidemic in china omyths baccy is symbol of personal freedom, important for social interactions, health effects can be controlled, important to economy, Stanford Three Community Study o1 community- assessed risk factors for CHD and smoking o2 community- media linebacker blitzing on risk factors o3 community- face to face interventions, most successful at reducing CHD risk factors Chapter 10 Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders gender personal identity disorder- psych dissatisfaction w/ ones biological put forward, disturbance in identity inner dysfunction- difficult to function while having se x, ie no orgasm paraphilia- stimulation due to inappropriate objects/ individuals ophilia- strong attraction opara- abnormal male female sex differences omen masturbate more and admit it ofemales associate sex w/ romance + intimacy rather than male physical gratification omen have diff attitude toward casual premarital sex omen show more cozy thirst/arousal omens self-concept characterized more by power, independence, aggression owomens sex beliefs are more plastic/ changeable women emphasise relaitonships sexual self schemas- core beliefs about sexuality Cultural differences oSambia in Papua New Guinea adolescent boys encouraged to engage in homosexual oral sex b/c semen valued wtf Homosexuality omight run in families, genetic component? odifferential hormone exposure in utero ogreater probably of cosmos left handed or ambidextrous o time-consuming ring finger than index ofraternal birth order hypothesis- from each one additional older brother increased one and only(a)s of b eing gay by one third Gender identity disorder oa persons physical gender is not consistent with persons sense of identity phone tapper in a body of the wrong sex otranssexualism odifferent from transvestic fetishism- sexually on fire(p) by wearing clothing of opposite sex odifferent from intersex individuals- hermaphrodites, born(p) with ambiguous genitalia, hormonal or physical abnormalities oautogynephilia- when gender identity disorder begins with strong sexual attraction to fantasy of oneself as a female, then progresses to become a woman ogenetic component suspected gender nonconformity oboys behaving femininely or females behaving masculinely sex reassignment surgery controversial to directly alter gender identity to counterbalance physical anatomy oin order to qualify, must live in opposite sex role for 1-2 yrs to be sure omust be stable psychologically, financially, socially ogynecomastia- issue of breasts intersex individuals- born w/ physical charactersitics of both sexes o5 sexes males females herms merms- more male than female but have some(prenominal) femal genitalia ferms- ovaries but possess some male genitalia Sexual dysfunction oinability to become aroused or reach orgasm o3 stages of sexual response cycle desire, arousal, orgasm opremature ejaculation vaginismus- painful contractions in vagina during attempted penetration olifelong or acquired ogeneralized or situational odue to psych factors or medical condition Hypoactive sexual desire disorder olittle or no involvement in any type of sexual activity sexual aversion disorder othought of sex or brief casual touch may lambast fear, panic or disgust male erectile disorder and female sexual arousal disorder oproblem is not desire, problem is physically becoming aroused inhibited orgasm oinability to achieve orgasm despite adequate desire and arousal (common in women) ofemale orgasmic disorder- difficulty reaching orgasm retarded ejaculation- cumming delayed oretrograde ejaculation- sh oot back into bladder rather than forward premature ejaculation- more common, 20% of males sexual pain disorders odesire, arousal, orgasm present opain so severe that behavior interrupt odyspareunia- no medical reason found for pain vaginismus- pelvic muscles in outer third of vagina involuntarily spasm oripping, burning, tearing sensations during sex Assessing Sexual behavior o(1) interviews- and questionnaires o(2) thorough medical eval- rule out medical conditions o(3) psychophysiological assessment penile strain gauge- picks up changes as penis expands vaginal photoplethysmograph- measures light reflected from vaginal walls Causes of sexual disorders obiological contributions nuerological diseases diabetes arterial insufficiency- constricted arteries venous leakage- blood flows out too quickly for a good boner prescription drugs ?anti-hypertensive medicaments for high blood pressure ?antidepressants ?SSRIs bargain w/ arousal and desire elicit drugs- cocaine cigarettes opsych co ntributions anxiety- can increase or decrease desire distraction men who are dysfunctional proclaim less sexual arousal inducing positive or forbid mood directly affects arousal performance anxiety, 3 parts ?arousal, cognitive processes, negative affect erotophobia- negative cognitive set about sexuality, viewed as negative or threating ? learned primeval in childhood from families, religious authorities ? first sexual trauma, rape victims script theory- we all operate by following scripts that reflect social and cultural expectations and guide our behavior sexual myths/ misperceptions Treatment for sexual dysfunction education is very effective, dispel myths and ignorance about sexual response cycle otherapy, increase communication b/t dysfunctional partners osensate focus and nondemand pleasuring- exploring and enjoying each others bodies thru touching, kissing, hugging, massaging 1st phase no fork or boobs 2nd phase genitals but no sex or orgasm 3rd sex once aroused osqueeze technique- squeezing tip of penis to reduce arousal and gain control over ejaculation omasturbation training and porn omedical treatments oral medication (Viagra) injection of vasoactive substances directly into the penis? surgery vacuum device therapy Paraphilia if exists, individuals normally exhibit multiple paraphillic patterns oassociated w/ deficiencies in consensual adult sexual arousal, social skills, sexual fantasies frotteurism orubbing against someone in a crowded public place until point of ejaculation festishism operson sexually attracted to nonliving objects o(1) inanimate object o(2) source of specific tactile stimulation rubber o(3) body part foot voyeurism obeing aroused by observing unsuspecting individuals undressing or naked exhibitionism osexual gratification from exposing genitals to strangers orisk + anxiety can increase arousal oassociated w/ lower levels of edu transvestic fetishism osexual arousal from cross-dressing sexual sadism oinflicting pain or humil iation sexual masochism osuffering pain or humiliation hypoxiphilia- oself strangulation to reduce flow of oxygen to brain to enhance orgasm pedophilia osexual attraction to kids oincest when own family Psychological treatment ocovert sensitization- carried out in imagination of patient, associate sexually arousing images w/ reasons why behavior is harmful or dangerous orgasmic reconditioning opatients instructed to masturbate to usual fantasies but substitute more desirable ones just before ejaculation Drug treatments chemic castration- eliminates sexual desire + fantasy by greatly reducing testosterone levels ocyproterone acetate + medroxyprogesterone ouseful for dangerous sexual offenders who do not respond to alternative treatmens Chapter 11 Substance-related and Impulse-control disorders impulse control disorders- inability to resist acting on a drive or temptation osteal, gamble, set fires, pull out whisker polysubstance abuse- using multiple substances substance use oingest ion of psychoactive substances in moderate amounts that does not mollycoddle social, educational or occupational functioning intoxication- getting high or drunk oimpairs judgment, mood changes, lowered motor ability substance abuse ohow overmuch ingested is problematic addiction- substance dependence ophysiologically dependent on the drug requires increasing amounts to experience same effect (tolerance) onegative physical response when substance no longer ingested ( insularity) oNicotine is arguably most addictive drug in the world, more so than meth 5 substance categories o(1) depressants- sedation + relaxation alcohol o(2) stimulants- active + spry caffeine o(3) opiates- analgesia + euphoria morphine o(4) hallucinogens- alter sensory perception weed, LSD (5) other drugs- dont fit neatly into categories steroids Depressants odecrease central nervous system activity, reduce levels of physiological arousal omost likely to produce dependence, tolerance, withdrawal oalcohol reduces inhibition, motor coordination, reaction time, judgement esophagusstomachsmall intestinesbloodstreamheart (+other major organs) liver influences gamma aminobutyric acid receptors anxiety influences glutamate system- excitatory, memory, blackouts withdrawal delirium- frightening hallucinations, body tremors liver disease, pancreatitis, cardiovascular disorders, brain damage dementia- loss of intellectual abilities Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome- loss of muscle coordination, confusion, unintelligible speech fetal alcohol syndrome- when gravid mothers drink, fetal growth retardation, behavior problems, learning difficulties, physical signs alcohol dehydrogenase- enzyme that breaks down alcohol 3 million ppl dependent in US ostages of alcoholism pre alcoholic- alcoholism occasionally, few consequences prodromal stage- drinking heavily, outward signs of a problem crucial stage- loss of control, binges chronic stage- primary daily activities involve drinking odrinking at early age is predi ctive of later abuse alcohol linked to violent behavior oBarbiturates sedatives, help ppl sleep highly addictive overdosing suicide influence GABA obenzodiazepines reduce anxiety highly prescribed in US alcohol amplifies effect oStimulants most commonly used psychoactive drugs in US speeding use disorders ?reduce appetite ?narcolepsy, ADHD, Ritalin ?stimulants illegally abused by college students no shit crystal meth MDMA- ecstasy ococaine use disorders alertness, euphoria, increase blood pressure + pulse, insomnia, loss of appetite paranoia, heart probs nicotine use disroders withdrawal- depression, insomnia, irritability, anxiety, increased appetite more prone to depression Opioids oopiate natural chemicals in opium poppy have narcotic effect odowners Hallucinogens ochange sensory perception osight, sound, feelings, taste, smell omarijuana oLSD Other drugs oSpecial K osteroids oPCP Family and genetic influence neurobiological influence opleasure pathway in brain mediates experienc e of respect odopamine- pleasure oGABA- inhibitory NT Psych dimensions opositive reinforcement negative reinforcement- use drugs to cope/escape from bad feelings and difficult life circumstances oopponent-process theory- an increase in positive feelings provide be followed shortly by an increase in negative feelings and vice versa cognitive factors oplacebo effect oexpectancy theory social dimensions opeer pressure omarketing omoral weakness model of chemical dependence- drug use is seen as a failure of self-control in the face of temptation odisease model of dependence- drug dependence cause by an underlying physiological disorder cultural factors oacculturation- adapt to new culture omachismo neuroplasticity brains tendency to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections ocontinued use of substance. decreased desire for nondrug experiences Treatment obiological agonist substitution- take a safe drug that has a chemical makeup similar to the addictive drug ? methadone inst ead of heroin ?cross-tolerance they act on same NTs substitution ?nicotine gum instead of cigs antagonist drugs- block or counteract effects of psychoactive drugs aversive treatment- prescribe drugs that make ingesting abused substance extremely unpleasant opsychosocial therapy inpatient facilities alcoholics anonymous- 12 steps controlled use- controversial covert sensitization- negative associations by imagining unpleasant scenes contingency management- decide on reinforces that will reward certain behaviors community reinforcement approach motivational interviewing- empathetic and optimistic counseling CBT relapse prevention Impulse control disorders ointermittent explosive disorder- episodes where act on aggressive impulses serious assaults or destruction of property influenced by NT levels okleptomania recurrent failure to resist urge to steal things not postulate for personal use or monetary value high comorbidity with mood disorders opyromania irresistible urge to set fire s pathological gambling otrichotillomania pulling out ones hair from anywhere on body oothers set shopping-oniomania skin picking self mutilation computer addiction Chapter 12 Personality Disorders personality disorders- enduring patterns of thinking about ones environment and self that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts oinflexible, maladaptive and cause significant impairment or suffering ohigh comorbidity Axis I= current disorder Axis II= chronic problem 5 Factor model oextroversion- talkative + assertive vs passive and reserved oagree-ableness- kind trusting vs hostile selfish conscientiousness- organized thorough, reliable oneuroticism- even tempered vs nervousness moody oopenness to experience- imaginative curious Cluster A odd or eccentric oparanoid oschizoid oschizotypal Cluster B dramatic, emotional, erratic oantisocial (m)- irresponsible, reckless behavior oborderline (f) ohistrionic (f)- excessive emotionality and attention seeking onarcissis tic Cluster C fearful, anxious oavoidant odependent oobsessive compulsive Biases ocriterion gender bias- criteria biased oassessment gender bias- assessment measures biased

Website Analysis

Website Analysis Assignment I choose the website of Gleaners Community provender Bank of Southeastern Michigan to analysis. Its address is http//www. gcfb. org/site/PageServer? pagename=homepage. The site clearly states Gleaners mission Nourishing Communities by Feeding Hungry People, on the heading with the smart sets icon and also in the first What we do text chunk. From the culture provided, I found that it serves three audience segments donators, volunteers, and partner agencies.From my perspective, the donators group is the integrity the organization mostly to target, because compare to other groups, the organization provides exhaustive introductions close donation and put them on a more easy-to-grasp place. For instance, three out of quintuplet homepage text blurbs and the first picture comes out in the homepage are all about donation The website groups related items into different menus and links. However, the link name and the hierarchical direct are confusing to me. The main menu arranges information as HOME, take away ACTION, EVENTS/ fodder DRIVES, curio HUNGER and PARTNER AGENCIES.For the first sight, people forget non understand what the barricade HUNGER section means and will defend to search. Besides, I think the END HUNGER and EVENTS/FOOD DRIVES sections should be before the TAKE ACTION and PARTNER AGENCIES. Because people need to see the organizations mission and approaches before making a donation or partner decision. Moreover, the website does not do efficient in terms of web navigation. Different audiences have to click back and forward among different links to get all the information they want.The websites menu put donation and volunteer together into the submenu of TAKE ACTION It puts some of the partner agent information strangely into the END HUNGER section Besides, the Need Food Now which links to Gleans partner agencies occurs twice at the top-row menu and the right column header within a screen length. This duplicate link is unnecessary since to decree the information, you do not even need to roll your mouse. The bottom-row menu provides some site navigation about jobs and contact information only when does not list any helpful information on location or site map.All these designs make the monstrance distracting and inefficient. When I look into its content, I find the information is periodically updated, however, not fresh. The last update news is in October. I volunteered with Gleaner on the first Saturday of November and treasured to see our volunteer pictures on the website. It is clearly promised on website, the volunteer section that the pictures will updated per week. However, it seems that the company ate its words. Since the news is not newest, current audiences will recover disappointed and the prospective audiences may lose their interest to keep looking at the site.Despite the fact that some information is not easy to vex for certain audience, the information content itself is help ful. For example, when I go to the Bag Hunger face link, I can find a very attracting event poster, the event date, location, contact information and even a calendar which brings you to previous and upcoming events. The website is written in a uniformly professional and friendly tone. It invites interaction with e-mail newsletters, facebook, twitter, mobile and visiting tour. Most of its texts maintain pleasing, easy-to-read line length, use the font size and color that are easy to read from the background.The line spacing is consistent and easy on the readers eyes as well. The text is balanced with vivid illustrative graphics and bulleted lists. The graphs in the website are really powerful. They are adorable and notional in design. When surfing the site, I even stored some pictures in my computer. But a problem about them is the size. They are so small that I have some struggles to catch the words in the picture. Thus the small size kills the informational effectiveness of the pictures. Glearners Food Bank has its headlines and page title clear, very simple but still to the point.So it saves the readers time and keeps them interested. Its name and logo are on every page and links to the homepage. The internal links provides identification for all pages with both(prenominal) heading and a short text that explains the purpose of each page. For the Donation site, you can see a description that You can help feed our thirsty(p) neighbors today with your donation of funds or food to Gleaners. For the volunteer, it has View a list of current volunteer activities, View our Volunteer Scrapbook to see some of the thousands of volunteers who help oneself Gleaners every year clearly states the purpose.The heading also contains a search with an advanced searching option. I tried the search by Wayne State University, and hoped to find their volunteer picture in the scrapbook. But the search gave me twenty unrelated Wayne community, Wayne annual report things. It did not work adequately. On a whole, I will trust the website with my information because it presents its information in a professional way and also because it is a member of many reputable charity organizations.Even though from my perspective, some items are grouped overlapped and they lack strong logic drive, most of the words are really simple and informative. To make the website look better, I apprise the following * Make the images larger and easy on the readers eyes * Delete the duplicate hyperlink Need Food Now * Change the END HUNGER to a more clear and understandable title * Arrange the menu into a logic order put END HUNGER and EVENTS/FOOD DRIVES sections before TAKE ACTION and PARTNER AGENCIES * Make sure the content is current and keep its weekly update promise

What Activities and Hobbies Do You Pursue Outside of Work?

Outside of work, I participate in a variety of activities and hobbies. These activities appropriate me with the opportunity to learn, take on challenges, and have fun. In addition, I believe my hobbies allow for relaxation and inner growth.I enjoy learning new information by dint of reading, surfing the Internet, watching television, and shopping. From the breaking news in Iraq to the latest gift catalog from World Vision, the Internet has become one of my major resources to get updates on the world. My most recent interest is in learning HTML code to enhance my newly created web page on Aloha Tower food market with flash and graphics.Shopping is another activity that I frequently do outside of work. To most people, shopping is a routine and necessary activity that involves going to the supermarket for dinner, purchase a new sweater at Macys for the upcoming winter, or picking up the latest Harry Potter book in Barnes & dreadful for a nephews birthday.To me, however, shopping is a pleasurable activity, as well as a chance to observe market trends. To a marketer for a shopping mall, understanding the competition is very important.I also like to watch pegleg shows or go to the movies on the weekends. My favorite stage show is at once Upon One Time, a musical written in Pidgin by a local playwright, Lisa Matsumoto. It is a fusion of many famous tales of Hawaiian culture and life.From different shows, I have learned to appreciate the incredible art of theater and recognize the efforts in place to protect Hawaiian culture. I prefer stage shows to movie productions because the stage leaves more to the imagination and the audience can interpret the themes.Along with indoor activities, I like to spend time outdoors when my schedule allows. I regularly challenge my fear of heights by hiking to the peaks of mountains to enjoy the fresh air and terrific scenery. Whether choosing a hobby or a job, my goal is continuously self-improvement, the same as my goals in l ife.

Most Significant Events of Each Decade

Most Significant Events Final Project K A University of Phoenix Axia College Jonathan Tietz November 28, 2010 Most Significant Events of the 50s, 60s 70s 80s and 90s World War II lasted from 1939 to 1945. This was a state of fight that involved most of the instaurations nations and all of the worlds greatest powers. When the war finish the events that followed over the next pentad decades had a great impression on the American people. There are some events that had much of an piece than others. This paper will discuss five major events over five decades that has had a powerful effect on the American people.Beginning in 1950 and ending in 1990, this paper will discuss the most noteworthy events from each decade that either positively or negatively changed the American personal manner of living. The communist shake took place in the 1950s. McCarthyism, named afterward a man named Joseph McCarthy was a republican U. S. senator. In the 1950s anticommunism created worship a mong the American people (McCarthyism, 2006). McCarthy played on Americans cautions in an effort to better his political campaign. He in in timeed this fear by convicting anyone who was a part of the communist party or had anything to do with it.During court hearing Americans remained mum so that they wouldnt be accused of communism. He accused some of the unite States federal presidential term of being communist and soviet spies. McCarthy was unable to prove his claims and was therefore censored by the American government activity (McCarthyism, 2006). Americans lost their jobs if they were accused of communism, library books were burned to hide evidence of communist acts. Americans suffered greatly during this succession as they had to walk on around on egg shells (McCarthyism, 2006). IfAmericans did not agree with anticommunism, they were considered to be communist and were penalize for not supporting the American mien. People feared McCarthy, alone it all ended when he made a public mockery of senate procedures (McCarthyism, 2006). He ended his career to be known as reckless and corruptible man. Americans want peace took place in the 1960s. The Vietnam War was well overdue considering some events that took place after World War II. How did America get involved in the Vietnam War? It all started with the Atlantic Charter. Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston S.Church pitcher created this charter in hopes of a better world. Russia and China were not part of this charter and ultimately postulate the U. S. to believe that Russia and China were involved in colonialism. Communism increased in southernmost East Asia, in the main in Korea, Vietnam, China, and Cuba. The U. S. took action and attacked and conflict arose with Korea. The U. S. gets involved in Southeast Asias administration. atomic number 7 Korea invades South Korea. nothing is accomplished and North Korea remains the alike(p) and South Korea remains the same. Next the U. S. inhabits So uth Vietnam.The U. S. helps rebuild South Vietnams economy. The U. S. tried to gain control over South Vietnams politics to avoid Vietnam turning communist. In 1965 North Vietnam attacked South Vietnam and American bases. North Vietnam lost the Vietnam War because they were no match for the American troops. The war had a dramatic effect on the American way of living. Americans rallied for peace and fell into the hippie era during the Vietnam War. During this quaternaryth dimension sex and drugs were on the rise. New drugs were introduced to the American people as the drug population grew.People began to have more sex during this time, which may have something to do with the increased drug use. The hippie era was a way of Americans expressing themselves of how they tangle about the war. Many people wrote songs that told stories of things that were going on during that time. Mainly people wanted the war to end. Americans wanted peace, and sex, drugs and music was their way of getti ng away from it all. Detente took place in the 1970s. Nixons visit to china in 1972 was an historic step to build a relationship between America and China. This was the first time an American president had visited China.President Nixon visited China from February 21-28, 1972. Nixon reaffirmed interest for a peaceful settlement, and the U. S. conductd to have relations with the commonwealth of China. Nixon was a strong advocate against communism so it surprised everyone when he went to visit china. He felt that if all nations cooperated with each other, then they could have reduced revenue and prevented a third world war. Nixons engagement with the communist was called Detente. Nixon held diplomatic conversations with China to establish a relationship and use that relationship against the Soviet Union.Nixon began the Nuclear Arms Reduction Treaty. Soon after came the end of the cold war. All About the asa dulciss, took place in the 1980s the decade of corporate greed. During thi s time Ronald Regan was the president and he was looking for a way to improve the American economy. His sparing policy focused on focused on four points. First Regan wanted to reduce government spending, reduce income, reduce government regulation and control the cash supply (Reagonomics 2010). His approach involved reducing tax cuts for wealthy Americans, and cutting funding for lower path Americans ( Reagonomics 2010).Regan felt if he cut funds for people on welfare that those Americans would try to get jobs. He introduced the earned income credit. He felt that this tax credit would be a way to encourage the idle to get out and work. Regan economic policies had both positive and negative effects on the American way of living (Reganomics 2010). The wealthy became richer and the poor became poorer. The unemployment rate declined exclusively there was an increase in homeless and esurient Americans. Regan thought that he could create wealth for the U. S. by allowing business own ers and free market corporations to compete for wealth.Reagan get down the oil windfall profit tax. He lifted the petroleum price, deregulated airlines, and most of the airlines went bankrupt. He thought he could fix things that he could not fix. His motives were in the right place but the actions he took were not on the whole in the Americas best interest. Many Americans suffered during this time, but still Reagan was elected for a second term. He was desire by many. about believe that Reganomics benefited America. Some of the policies introduced by Reagan are still being used today. Some of Reagans policies served as a blueprint on different ways to better the conomy. The Never outcome War took place in the 1990s. In the books it is written that the gulf war began in August 1990 and ended in February 1991, but a war in Iraq still goes on today (1990s, 2010). The gulf war was a war waged by the U. N. led by the United States and The United Nations against Iraq. Iraq troops inv aded Kuwait in 1990 and brought immediate economic sanctions against Iraq. United States president George H. W. scrub sent American soldiers to Saudi Arabia six months later (1990s, 2010). Many nations joined the coalition with America but America had the majority in military forces.Following The United States was Saudi Arabia, The United Kingdom, and Egypt (Gulf War, 2010). There had already been friction with Iraq and the United States that date back to the Cold War. Iraq was an follower of the Soviet Union (Gulf War, 2010). The United States had a concern involving Iraqs position on Israel and Palestinian politics because Iraq disapproved of peace between Israel and Egypt. On August 12, 1990 Saddam Hussein wanted to compromise (Gulf War, 2010). He communicate an immediate freeze of all boycott and siege decisions and wanted normalization of relations with Iraq.The United States verbalised that there would be no negotiations until Iraq came out of Kuwait. Many resolutions were passed regarding the invasion made by Iraq. The most important was Resolution 678, passed in November of 1990, which set a deadline for Iraq to withdrawal from Kuwait (Gulf War, 2010). The deadline was for January 15, 1991. Ultimately if Iraq did not withdrawal but that time, they would have to be forced out. This brings us back to the coalition. Some countries did not join the coalition but sent money in support of it. Some countries did not want to increase U. S. nfluence in the essence East (1990s, 2010). In the end many nations were persuaded. Nations were promised economic aid, debt forgiveness or threats to withhold aid. Today the war in Iraq continues. There are still American troops overseas. How long will this war continue? It is unknown, but what is known is that this war has been indirectly been going on for decades, and all other wars and significant events earlier this war ultimately led to this one. So what is going to happen to America for the years to come? How wi ll our current president deal with current issue that are results of past presidents decisions?America still has the same economic problems that Regan faced. We are still at war with Iraq even after the first President Bush left office. In the future I see the war continuing. After the attacks of 9/11 I dont think that The United States government would feel comfortable if they pulled all of the soldiers out of Iraq. I see the United States falling into a deeper depression. After all we are traffic with years of economic recovery. The unemployment rate over the past years has dropped. It is extremely hard for some people to get jobs.What is so hard to understand is how the United States began as one of the strongest countries economically, lovingly and politically and now we are falling so far behind. The United States is falling behind in education and this used to be the lede country in education. The United States has fallen behind in production. How could a country that is n ot social developed, compete with other countries that are so far ahead? It is unknown where the United States will be a decade from now but based on the past compared to now, we might be dealing with same old issues.It may be worst. There may be more homeless, hungry, unemployed Americans a decade from now. The way the deficit is Funding for welfare programs may get cut again. Things are still the same. The rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer. If things do not soon change, there will be no hope for Americas future.Works CitedMcCarthyism. (2006, 8 23). Retrieved 11 23, 2010, from pbs. org http//www. pbs. org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/arthur-miller/mccarthyism/484/ 1990s. (2010).Retrieved 11 28, 2010, from Wikipedia http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/ nineties Gulf War. (2010).Retrieved 11 27, 2010, from Wikipedia http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Gulf_War Vietnam War. (2010).Retrieved 11 23, 2010, from wikipedia http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Vietnam_War

Discuss the Use of Mendacity in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof Essay

Discuss Williams treatment of mendacity in Act I and Act II Mendacity is the remains in which men live Brick to astronomic pop music Mendacity is a key theme in the race Cat on a Hot Tin Roof and the lies that the characters in the play keep from separately other is a technique Williams uses to lay d take in suspense and scandal. The secrets that eventually come forth be what Williams dubs the inadmissible things that be repressed at all costs. The two main written reports of repression are Bricks concealed transgenderity and lifesize pops imminent death, which the family are all aware of except enormous Daddy himself, and Big Mama. Big Mama desperately invests all her future hopes in the dream of Brick becoming a family man after(prenominal) the men are forced to confront these secrets. She is under the false belief that the responsibility of fatherhood ordain put an end to his alcoholism, and that their estate could go to the rightful heir. Big Mama believes that the preservation of the family line runs through Brick, and he will represent Daddys immortality.The idyllic fantasy of Brick and Maggies family, however, is yet other of the plays lies. The relationship between Brick and Maggie in Cat on a hot send away roof represents repression of both the equity and sexual requires. Maggie continuously refers to herself as a cat which is a order used by Williams to represent how through how her husbands neglect she has been forced into a uninterrupted state of anxiety and bitterness and is frantically desiring Bricks affection. Brick is cold towards Maggie from the beginning of the play which insinuates that perhaps an incident had happened antecedently in their marriage that caused Maggie to become frantic and Brick to resort to liquor in an attempt to put up a screen himself and the real world namely his relationship with his wife. Maggie possesses a constant burning appetency to have a child with Brick, not only because she fill out s him, but as she believes it will help them procure a larger share of Big Daddys fortune when he dies from cancer.As Maggie is amply aware of the fact that Big Daddys death is imminent she resorts to bringing up the subject of Bricks late friend Skipper in an attempt to relate with the cold, emotionless Brick something we learn Brick do her promise not to do on the grounds that theyll stay together. The mendacity in Brick and Maggies marriage begins to sur hardiness at the end of Act I when Maggie suggest that the feelings that Skipper had for Brick werent pure and implies that Skipper had homosexual desires for Brick. Brick becomes angered by the fact that Maggie wasinsinuating that Skipper was gay, he tells her shes naming their friendship dirty to which she exclaims Im naming it so damn clean that it killed Skipper. Williams uses Skippers suicide to create a reason for Brick to turn to alcohol. In Act II Brick reveals to Big Daddy that mendacity is the reason that he drinks, and he drinks to escape reality and so things, in his own head, become peaceful.Williams uses the unrequited love felt for Brick by many of the characters to create a sniff out of responsibility to which Brick is in no outfit state to live up too. This is physically represented by the way Brick repeatedly tries to flee from having an key conversation with Big Daddy in Act II. Both the characters of Big Daddy and Brick display nauseate with mendacity. Big Daddy represents this with his outbursts at his own family such as when he confronts Mae for eavesdropping and says I cant stand sneakin and spyin in makes me puke Big Daddy also reveals to Brick at how he cant stand Big Mamma, and continuously refers to her as fat an ugly and confessing how he never should have extra so much date with her. Big Daddy and Brick are both hypocritical in the sense that they openly share their hatred of the mendacity that surrounds them, when in fact it is the lies and secrets they keep to themsel ves that they kept from each other that are the true causes for their unhappiness. Big Daddy confronts this issue when he suggests Brick take responsibility for Skippers death , he tells Brick You been mountain pass the buck.This disgust with mendacity is disgust with yourself. Youyou dug the grave of your friend and kicked him in itbefore youd face the truth with him Daddy delivers his ultimate diagnosis of Brick toward the end of Act II. Brick is disgusted with his own mendacity before the homosexual desire in his friendship with Skipper. He metaphorically dug his friends grave for him rather than face the truth that they possibly shared more than a close friendship. Thus Daddy calls his son to brain You he cries accusingly. While Daddys diagnosis rings true, it is suspiciously familiar. Indeed, it repeats Daddys own remark to himself in Act II, in which he exclaims in disgust over the mendacity in his staying with Big Mama for forty years. Brick himself has echoed Daddys outbur st on mendacity as a feint, as some other way of passing the buck. Daddy has interpreted its hidden truth. It also seems, however, that he has perhaps communicate his own disgust with mendacity onto Brick, highlighting the narcissistic nature of the relationship they share. Williams created therelationship between Brick and Big Daddy to represent a degree of honesty in a play that is saturated in lies and secrets.Although they are not entirely open with each other, they share a mutual respect which means they are truthful and Williams uses them to bring to the surface Big Daddys true opinions on his family and their attitudes towards him, and the inheritance they so desperately desire. Another technique Williams uses to highlight mendacity in the family is through the way the characters of Mae and Gooper are portrayed. Supposedly the caseful of an ideal family with five no-neck monsters they call children, Mae, Gooper and their children appear g putrefactionesque and irritating t o both the audience and Big Daddy. They exist the human nature of greed and are known to be manipulative by constantly sneakin and spyin on Brick and Maggie and reporting to Big Mamma the many problems they have within their marriage, including how they dont sleep together. Williams uses similarity between the ugly yet child-bearing Mae and Gooper and the beautiful childless couple Maggie and Brick to highlight how greed and the desire to inherit Big Daddys fortune is the only reason they spawned their five same little monkeys.At the end of Act II when Brick confesses to Big Daddy that he is in fact dying, he loses his control branding his family bar Brick LYING SONS OF LYING BITCHES. Williams uses Big Daddys description to Brick of the relief he felt on perceive he was supposedly all clear of cancer to build up tension in the scene. Brick, although almost completely void of emotion in other scenarios, feels guilt upon hearing Big Daddys plans when he though he had his life bac k. Williams continuously uses the word rot in Big Daddys dialogue for example when he says Why should I do that? Subsidize worthless behaviour? Rot? Corruption? By doing this he is subliminally making the character of Big Daddy make unknowing references to his cancer, which symbolises the way that the family knows about his illness, but Big Daddy himself is unaware.The whole time Williams is building up drama for the climax of the scene when Brick accidentally tells Big Daddy that he is, in fact, dying. In conclusion mendacity is a tool used by Williams to build up tension in the play. Williams uses the character of Big Daddy and his naivety towards his terminal illness to highlight the extent of the lies and secrets his own family were tutelage from him.The way in which the scenes flow is also another method the playwright uses to create suspense and outstanding tensionalthough the dialogue is fast paced the conversations between characters, particularly Brick and Big Daddy, are gradually built up to a climactic state until an interruption of some sort, which slows the pace of the dialogue back down. The time blockage in which the book is set, in Mississippi in the mid 1950s, contributes to the use of mendacity in the play. Williams understood the talk nature of the communities on the deep south of America and uses what would have been the pressure to be well presented to your peers to formulate why Brick and Maggie had stayed together when Maggies love is unrequited.

In His Tragedies Shakespeare Often Presents Women Merely as the Tragic Victims of Men Essay

In His Tragedies Shakespeargon Often Presents Women Merely as the Tragic Victims of Men. To What Extent Do You Consider This Applies to Desdemona In Othello?There are no Antigones in Elizabethan Drama, Lyndsey Turner. Turner is here expressing the view that Shakespeare does not utilize his women as heroines. Instead she is of the opinion that they are used as devices on which the tragic impulses of the typifys male characters are enacted. They are a device to produce a cathartic response from Shakespeares sense of hearing. In regularise to discuss to what extent Desdemona complies with this view, it would appear logical to define a tragic victim. Many grade that a tragic victim is a character in a tragedy who suffers at the hand of blusht and the indispensablenesss. They suffer through no fault of their own and are brought down by others, they are exclusively powerless to change their fate and dont contri fur on that point to their own tragedy they are but the victims of o thers.It is also vital that they produce a cathartic response from the audience in order for their anguish to be tragic. Looking at these criteria it becomes clear why Shakespeare often uses women as his tragic victims. In the cadence Shakespeare was writing women had very little influence on their destiny having to submit either to their father or husband. They were the objects of men. When Iago warns Brabantio of his daughters escape he says Look to your family, your daughter and your bags. This shows of how little importance women were, being so powerless they would then be a natural choice for tragic victims, powerless to avoid their fate because of their weakness in society.How eer, when Desdemona is first presented to us she does not seem anything alike a stereotypical fair sex of the time. Her character is presented as much stronger than that. Her father has not tried to force her into marriage evening coition Roderigo that, My daughter is not for thee, even though it is clear that Roderigo is a rich man.At the end of recreate one he goes to, sell all his land, in order to pursue Desdemona. As Brabantio is not and so being in any way a tyrant to his daughter her ability to escape from the house and deceive him shocks us and surely would have shocked a contemporary audience even more. This woman is not the kind of person you would expect to become a victim. Before the audience have even seen her she is described as a woman of, Beauty, wit and fortunes. She has gone to Othello in the dead of night defend by a, Knave of common hire, a gondolier. This shows Desdemonas bravery and authorization. All of this increases her status with the audience and detracts from the figure of a weak submissive woman.In Act 1 Scene 3 she defies what the Duke says, when he requests that she quench at her fathers house while Othello is in Cyprus saying that, She did love the Moor to outlive with him. For a woman to speak in front of a council of the just about powerful people in Venice, not invited to do so, would be shocking to a contemporary audience and really show her strength of character. It is almost as though she is a feminine version of Othello, as Patsy Hall says, She cannot be the man, but she can be the husband of the man. She has shunned the Wealthy curled darlings of her nation unlike most women and kind of chooses Othello.She doesnt care about his age or race she sees Othellos visage in his mind. The address Shakespeare gives her when talking of her wooing shows how deeply immersed in Othellos world she is she, Falls in love with the battles even her language is strong. My downright violence and storm of fortunes, She is presented as incredibly strong certainly not a figure of compassion. It is seemingly no wonder that Othello calls her, his fair warrior. Although Desdemona is first portrayed as quite a heroic figure by Shakespeare he soon starts to use her as a cathartic device, as the audience watch her previous strengt h fall away. It becomes clear that Shakespeare made her so strong resulted intentionally in order to shape our response to Desdemona. Doing this makes it that much more painful for the audience.A major result wherein Desdemona is presented as an object of pity is in the handkerchief episode. Desdemona loses her handkerchief and Othello sees Cassio with it. Despite Othellos growing suspicion, Desdemona remains ignorant claiming that, The sun where he was born drew all such humours from him. We feel tremendous pity for Desdemona when she says this because Shakespeare has shaped our response using structure and also the irony of her language. In the last scene we sawing machine that Othello was seething with jealousy and vowed to kill her.This amplifies hugely our feeling of catharsis for her because we feel so helpless. Our pity for her is still added to when Shakespeare shapes events in the play so that all her qualities that were viewed as good in the first act of the play cau se her to fall even further. However, she is still a victim because she is powerless to stop it she is a victim of circumstance and ignorance that Iago has been planning her destruction. She continues to mention Cassio even when it is clear it is causing Othello irritance, she thinks that it is a trick to put her from her suit. The audiences feeling of catharsis is amplified as we can do nothing while her language puts her fidelity in more doubt in Othellos mindThe time when we pity her most withal is when Othello strikes her. Again she says precisely the wrong things, through no fault of her own but rather because her sweet nature wishes to help Cassio, saying that, She would do much for the love she bears to Cassio. All the audience can do is sit and despair for her. When he hits her we think that maybe her strength will come back but she simply responds by saying that she, Will not stay to offend Othello. We despair because we know that if she submits to Othello she will die a t his hands.This is yet more evidence of Desdemonas good proving to be her downfall. Shakespeare shapes events very vigorously in the next section in order to get the largest cathartic reaction. For a effect it seems like we might see a glimpse of Desdemonas fight. She claims, She has no Lord. The audience think for a moment she will be fine, however soon she is asking Iago, What shall I do to win my Lord again. The self-asserting Desdemona from the earlier scenes is gone and the audience despair for her. Even when Othello kills her she does not blame him. When asked who has killed her she says, Nobody, I myself. She dies a figure of goodness and love, the way Shakespeare shapes her demise is unquestionably tragic.However, is she actually a victim? The audience on the most part at the time would say she is because she does not fall through a flaw in her character. However was she totally helpless and unable to change her fate? Patsy Hall argues that Othello and Desdemona have a, common ignorance of each others nature, saying also that she is, so selflessly devoted that she cannot acknowledge crack in her husband. I would agree with this statement by Hall.The audience are constantly perplexed passim the play as to why Othello will not listen to anyone but Iago. This could be perhaps a comment on how women have had to suffer under the patriarchal society in which Shakespeares cowcatcher audience was living, perhaps through Desdemona he is trying to show the unfair nature of their society. But in many ways the same is true for Desdemona. Emilia tries to tell her that, Jealous souls are not ever jealous for the cause, but jealous for they are jealous. But even after this warning Desdemona takes no heed of anyone but Iago, therefore it could just perhaps be confirmation of Iagos intelligence, this backs up Desdemonas percentage as a victim as she is a victim of others.So in conclusion there is no doubt that Desdemonas demise is very much tragic. Also havin g examined the criteria it would be accurate to say that in many ways Desdemona is a victim. She suffers through no fault of her own and is the victim of circumstance. However, I am not sure that one could say that she was totally powerless to stop her eventual fate. I would say that Desdemona was not a victim of Iagos scheming or Othellos jealousy as she could have stopped these. She was a victim of her own love for Othello. Therefore, I would say that the statement in the title applies to Desdemona so far as she was the tragic victim of her own love for a man.

Belgium Economy

? Belgiums deliverance is 71. 5 per cent free, according to our 2008 assessment, which makes it the worlds 20th freest economy. This is a 0. 9 percentage point decrease from nett year, primarily reflecting increased government spending. Belgium is ranked 10th freest among the 41 countries in the European region, and its overall tick off is above the regional average. Belgium ranges real high in investment freedom, berth rights, monetary freedom, and short letter freedom and is above the world average in octette areas.A member of the European Union, it has a standardized monetary policy and relatively low inflation despite some government aberration in the agricultural sector. Its transparent rule of law protects belongings and encourages confidence among foreign investors. Belgiums extensive upbeat state is supported by exceptionally high government spending and income task grazes. Overall value revenue is an uncommonly high per cent of gross national product, and Belg iums government size score is 50 percentage points worse than the world average. BackgroundBelgium is a federal state consisting of three economically different regions Flanders, Wallonia, and the capital city of Brussels, which houses the headquarters of NATO and the EU and has been at the forefront in driving the supranationalisation of power within the EU. After eight years, Guy Verhofstadt and his Liberal Party were ousted from power in 2007. His previous Socialist Liberal coalition desire to ease the income tax burden and succeeded in balancing the budget, scarce growth remained sluggish. Christian Democratic attracter Yves Leterme has since been invited to form a coalition government.Services account for around three-quarters of GDP. The leading exports are electrical equipment, vehicles, diamonds, and chemicals. BELGIUM mark 20 Regional Rank 10 of 41 Population10. 5 one thousand million GDP (PPP)$336. 6 zillion 1. 5% growth in 2004 1. 7% 5-yr. comp. ann. growth $32,11 9 per capita Unemployment 8. 4% Inflation (CPI) 2. 5% FDI (net inflow)$766 million Off. Dev. Assist. None External Debt $1. 1 trillion Exports $318. 8 billion Primarily machinery and equipment, chemicals, diamonds, metals and metal products, foodstuffs. Imports $308. 4 billionPrimarily machinery and equipment, chemicals, diamonds, pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, transportation equipment, oil products. BELGIUMS TEN ECONOMIC FREEDOM Business freedom 93. 7% The overall freedom to start, operate, and close a demarcation is strongly protected by Belgiums national regulatory environment. Starting a business takes an average of four days, compared to the world average of 43 days. Obtaining a business license requires less than the world average of 19 procedures and 234 days. Regulation is transparent, and the laws are enforced effectively. Closing a business is easy and straightforward. Trade freedom 86%Belgiums trade policy is the same as those of another(prenominal) members of the Europ ean Union. The common EU weighted average tariff rate was 2 per cent in 2005. Non-tariff barriers reflected in EU policy include agricultural and manufacturing subsidies, import restrictions for some goods and services, market access restrictions in some service sectors, non-transparent and restrictive regulations and standards, and inconsistent customs administration across EU members. Enforcement of intellectual billet rights remains problematic. Consequently, an additional 10 percentage points is deducted from Belgiums trade freedom score.Fiscal freedom 43. 9% Belgiums income tax rate is one of the worlds highest, and its corporate tax rate is also high. The top income tax rate is 50 per cent, and the top corporate tax rate is 34 per cent (a 33 per cent tax rate and 3 per cent surcharge). Other taxes include a value-added tax (VAT), a transport tax, and a property tax. In the close to recent year, overall tax revenue as a percentage of GDP was 44. 9 per cent. Freedom from Gove rnment 17. 9% Total government expenditures, including consumption and transfer payments, are very high. In the most recent year, government spending equaled 52. 3 per cent of GDP.Monetary freedom 80. 4% Belgium is a member of the euro zone. Between 2004 and 2006, its weighted average annual rate of inflation was 2. 3 per cent. comparatively stable prices explain most of the monetary freedom score. As a participant in the EUs habitual Agricultural Policy, the government subsidies agricultural production, distorting the prices of agricultural products. Price-control policies affect water supply, waste handling, homes for the elderly, medicines and implantable medical devices, certain cars, supreme insurance, fire insurance, petroleum products, cable television, and certain types of bread.An additional 10 percentage points is deducted from Belgiums monetary freedom score to account for these policies. Investment freedom 90% Most restrictions on foreign investment also have to do mestic investment. Permits and licenses required for certain industries are not hard to obtain. Regional and national incentives are broadly speaking open to foreigners and Belgians, but taxes and certain employment criteria are federally controlled. Performance requirements, when present, are linked to crease creation. EU regulations require some restrictions on non-EU investment in public works.There are no restrictions on the purchase of real estate, residents and non-residents accounts, repatriation of profit, or transfer of capital. Financial freedom 80% Belgium has one of the worlds most developed financial systems, with 104 banks, including over 70 foreign banks, and numerous financial service providers, but the volt largest banks still hold 85 per cent of deposits. An independent commission supervises the financial sector. Banks must provide a minimum set of services. Credit is allocated at market terms to both foreign nd domestic investors. Belgian law differentiates be tween EU and non-EU banks, financial institutions, and insurance companies, although firms from European Economic Area or World Trade Organization countries may be treated equally. Regional authorities may subsidies medium- and long borrowing. The insurance sector is smaller and less robust than banking. The worlds first stock market was organized in Antwerp, and Belgiums sound capital markets were recently integrated into Euro next, a broader European sub.Property rights 80% Property is hearty protected, and contracts are secure. The laws are codified, and the judiciary and civil service, while often slow, are of high quality. Intellectual property rights are well protected, but implementation of relevant EU directives has been slow. Freedom from corruption 73% rot is perceived as minimal. Belgium ranks 20th out of 163 countries in Transparency Internationals Corruption Perceptions Index for 2006.Belgium outlaws both lively bribery and passive bribery, whereby an official re quests or accepts a benefit for himself or somebody else in exchange for certain behavior. Labor freedom 69. 9% Employment regulations are relatively flexible, but further tame is needed to foster employment creation and productivity growth. The non-salary cost of employing a worker can be very high, and dismissing a redundant employee is relatively costly. Belgiums high labor costs are sustainable for high-value-added processes, but market rigidities remain a considerable barrier to employing a worker.